27 March - 12 July Exhibition at Museum De Lakenhal: Pilgrims to America 1620-2020: Boundless Liberty?.A curator will help you trace your ancestors 15 February Heritage Leiden: Ancestor Booth.The title is intentionally a bit provocative to draw attention to indigenous perspectives on the history of the foundation of Plymouth Colony and its memorialisation.’Ī selection of activities in the first half of Leiden 400: Kardux explains: ‘Focusing on the way the Pilgrims’ story has been remembered, memorialised, and mythicised over the centuries, we have chosen to take a four nations perspective, referring to the four “nations” involved in the Pilgrim commemoration: England, the Netherlands, the United States and Native America, the original inhabitants of America. Together with Leiden city historian Ariadne Schmidt, Kardux and Van de Bilt are also organising a conference this summer Four Nations Commemoration: The Pilgrims and the politics of memory (26 - 28 August). Source: Sutro Library, San Francisco/Wikimedia Native American Massasoit and Plymouth Governor John Carver smoke a peace pipe to seal their mutual defence treaty. A fourth, revised edition will come out this spring. That’s why we prefer to call it a commemoration.’ Kardux and her co-author historian Eduard van de Bilt published the first edition of their book Newcomers in an Old City: The American Pilgrims in Leiden 1609-1620 in 1998. ‘But in the past ten years or so more attention has been paid to the devastating effects for the indigenous peoples. ‘People in England and the United States used to think of Mayflower anniversaries as occasions for celebration,’ says Leiden American Studies expert Johanna Kardux. In the new colony, they introduced relatively democratic forms of governance that may have influenced the later political system in the United States.
These 100 passengers (and the two babies that were born during the voyage) are now called the Pilgrims. In 1620, a first group of 53 Pilgrims left Leiden to establish a second English colony in America, Plymouth Colony, together with nearly 50 other English men, women and children who joined them when they embarked in England. Half of them, radical Puritans who had separated from the Anglican Church, had found refuge from religious persecution in their home country and lived in Leiden from 1609 to 1620.
On board of the Mayflower were 100 English passengers. In 2020, it is exactly 400 years since these English migrants embarked on the Mayflower to cross from Plymouth in England to North America numerous exhibitions, conferences, books and commemorations are marking the anniversary of their voyage. The Pilgrim Fathers, as they were long called, are often viewed as the early founders of the American nation.
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